the essay topic can be chosen from one of the following:
1-What effect the COVID-19 pandemic may have on economic, political and social aspects of globalisation? (in your essay focus just on one aspect, not all three at once)
2- What is the most important technological driver of globalisation in the contemporary international setting? Discuss
and critically assess its implications for the future.
3- Economic globalisation has, overall, been beneficial to humanity. Critically assess the statement and make an
argument for or against.
4- Will cooperation or competition be more likely in an increasingly interdependent and interconnected system of
international relations?
5- Will globalisation result in the erosion of unique cultures and the development of a single global culture?
6- Global inequality – how to measure it, understand and overcome?
7- Are globalisation and neoliberalism two sides of the same coin?
8- Discuss Fukuyama’s perspective on the ‘end of history”. In light of current events can it be said that we might witness
the end of neoliberalism?
9- What effect the current military operation in Ukraine may have on economic, political and social aspects of
globalisation ((in your essay focus just on one aspect, not all three at once)?
10- The Blackwell Companion to Globalization – See our Course resources reading list
11- https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/
12- https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topic
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Essay structure 
2- Examine the literature and choose those items which reflect the theoretical and empirical diversity of views on your topic.
3- Summarise and critically evaluate the selected literature. Support your argument with relevant evidence and examples.

4-  Make a concise statement of the topic you have chosen to research in the introduction to your essay, and indicate briefly how you will approach the discussion of the issue
5- Review the literature you have chosen to examine, synthesise the material and construct an argument that indicates your assessment of the issue. Comment on the intended audience, compare and contrast the views and conclusions in the literature. This should be a clear indication that you have chosen items which reflect diversity of views on your topic.
Globalisation, Innovation
and change
ECONOMIC GLOBALISATION
OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Measuring Economic Globalisation
• Specialisation and Trade
• The role of policies and institutions
• Black Sea Grain Initiative
• Globalisation and Economic Sanctions
INTRODUCTION
? The 16th century saw the increase of European commercial activity (Age of Exploration)
? •However, this activity was based on the ideology of ‘mercantilism’
? •Mercantilism was a strategy which promoted governmental regulation of a nation’s economy
for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers, which often
led to:
•Creating overseas colonies; forbidding colonies to trade with other nations;
•Monopolizing markets with staple ports; banning the export of gold and silver, even for payments;
•Forbidding trade to be carried in foreign ships; subsidies on exports;
•Promoting manufacturing through research or direct subsidies;
•Maximizing the use of domestic resources;
? Consequently, mercantilism led to warfare and colonial expansion
•Also had negative economic repercussions
•Uncontrolled inflation and deflation
•Emphasis on relative gains instead of absolute gains
•Very inefficient