COM 227 Milestone Two Guidelines and Rubric Overview: You will continue to develop a presentation from your previously created slides, which covered the planning section of your final project. In this milestone, you will create the implementation section of your public relations campaign and submit it for instructor feedback. Prompt: This milestone should be a 15- to 18-slide draft of your public relations presentation, addressing all critical elements in the implementation section of the final project. Ensure that you apply best practices in ethical presentation development and Associated Press style. Critical Elements Proficient (100%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value Implementing: History of Public Relations Provides a brief overview of the history of public relations, including critical milestones and the growth of the field Provides an overview of the Does not provide an overview of history of public relations as the history of public relations as presented in the course, but presented in the course overview is cursory, not brief, or does not include the critical milestones and growth of the field 10 Implementing: Modern Public Relations Explains the idea of modern public relations, supporting with evidence from the course or prior research Explains the idea of modern Does not explain the idea of public relations, but explanation modern public relations is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or is not supported with evidence from the course or prior research 25 Implementing: Practice Today Explains how the history of the field has influenced the perception of the practice of public relations today, supporting connections with evidence from the course or prior research Explains how the history of the field has influenced the perception of the practice of public relations today. but explanation is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or is not supported with evidence from the course or prior research Does not explain how the history of the field has influenced the perception of the practice of public relations today 25 Implementing: Approach Determines a professional approach that could be used in addressing ethical issues regarding public relations with evidence from prior research and planning Determines a professional approach that could be used in addressing ethical issues regarding public relations, but determination is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or is not supported with evidence from prior research and planning Does not determine a professional approach that could be used in addressing ethical issues regarding public relations 15 Critical Elements Proficient (100%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value Implementing: Best Practices and AP Writing Style Utilizes appropriate best practices and AP style throughout the presentation and accompanying speaker notes Utilizes best practices and AP style throughout the presentation and accompanying speaker notes, but utilization contains inaccuracies or is not appropriate Does not utilize best practices and AP style throughout the presentation and accompanying speaker notes 15 Articulation of Response Submission has no major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization Submission has major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that negatively impact readability and articulation of main ideas Submission has critical errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that prevent understanding of ideas 10 Total 100% COM 227 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric Overview This course offers you an introduction to the field of public relations. You will develop a foundational basis around the history and ethics of the field, while also exploring what constitutes public relations in a more modern context. You will also become acquainted with the foundational best practices used in public relations and develop the fundamental writing skills required in the field. This course will help you become more acquainted with what public relations is, and learn how to convey that to others in a professional presentation. The final project for this course is the creation and evaluation of a public relations campaign for a field or industry of your choice. The final product represents an authentic demonstration of competency because it is common practice to create and evaluate public relations campaigns. The final project focuses on using the four step public relations plan (research, planning, implementation, and evaluation). You will work on each step throughout the course to create a final plan. The project is divided into two milestones, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality final submissions. These milestones will be submitted in Modules Three and Five. The final product will be submitted in Module Seven. In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes: ? ? ? ? COM-227-01: Explain how the history of the public relations field influences the contemporary practice of the profession COM-227-02: Determine an approach to addressing ethical issues in public relations supported by the professional ethics code in public relations COM-227-03: Develop engaging work appropriate to the field of public relations that accurately reflects AP writing style and best practices COM-227-04: Utilize the four-step public relations process for informing the development of public relations projects Prompt Specifically, you must address the critical elements listed below. Most of the critical elements align with a particular course outcome (shown in brackets). I. Research: For this part of the summative assessment, you will perform the first step of the four-step public relations process, research. You will describe the best practices and appropriate ethical practices in public relations in your presentation. A. Create at least two slides that provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on conflicts of interest using examples from the ethics code and connecting them to the field you have selected. [COM-227-02] B. Create at least two slides that provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making regarding competition among public relations professionals using examples from the ethics code and materials presented in the course. [COM-227-02] 1 C. Create at least two slides that provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making regarding the protection and advancement of accurate and truthful information using examples from the ethics code and materials presented in the course, these should connect to the type of industry you have selected. [COM-227-02] D. Discusses best practices for creating presentations in public relations. The notes section should be used, and sources should be properly cited. [COM-227-03] II. Planning: For this part of the summative assessment, you will perform the second step of the four-step public relations process, planning. You will provide an overview regarding the history of public relations and how it exists today for the industry you have selected. Your slides will be tailored to the audience of that industry. A. Create three slides, in your presentation, that discuss the history of PR for your industry, include any major milestones, and how the field uses PR today. [COM-227-04] B. Explains what research was found to support ethics and best practices. The notes section should be used and references provided. [COM227-04] C. The presentation must reflect information for your target audience. [COM-227-03] III. Implementing: For this part of the summative assessment, you will perform the third step of the four-step public relations process, implementing. You will create your public relations presentation that contains historical content meant to educate the audience about the history of the field and how it exists today. In your presentation you must: A. Review your overview of the history of public relations including critical milestones and how the field has grown over time. Does any new information need to be added/changed? B. Explain the idea of modern public relations. Be sure to support your response with evidence from the course or research. For example, how is public relations viewed today in this field? How is social media used in public relations? This should be at least two slides. [COM-227-01] C. Explain how the history of the field has influenced the perceptions of the practice today. Be sure to support your response with evidence from the course or research. For example, how has the past behavior of professionals in the field influenced the perception of modern public relations? Include at least two slides that discuss how PR is used in this field today. What is the preferred strategy and why is it effective. [COM-227-01] D. Determine an approach that could be used in addressing ethical issues regarding public relations. Be sure to support your response with evidence from your research and your plan. This could include crisis, violation of policy, development of new technology, etc. [COM-227-02] E. Utilize best practices and AP writing style throughout your presentation and speaker notes. Be sure that your work accurately and appropriately aligns with best practices and AP writing style. [COM-227-03] IV. Evaluation: For this part of the summative assessment, you will perform the fourth step of the four-step public relations process, evaluation. You will reflect on your presentation, identifying potential errors or issues in your presentation and how you might go about addressing or improving those issues. Finally, you will speak to how the four-step process could be used in other avenues of your life. (This will be submitted separately within a Microsoft Word document.) 2 A. Explain potential ways that any errors or issues in your presentation could be improved and justify your response. [COM-227-04] B. Explain how your completed presentation benefited from the four-step public relations process. For example, how did the research step assist in developing your presentation? The planning, implementing, and evaluation steps? How did the process as a whole benefit the presentation? [COM-227-04] C. Explain how you could use the four-step process to plan for personal, professional, or academic experiences in the future. Be sure to support your response with examples. For example, how could the process be applied to an upcoming personal vacation? A project you have been assigned at work? A research assignment in another course? [COM-227-04] Milestones Milestone One: Planning In Module Three, you will submit the planning section of your final project. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone One Rubric. Milestone Two: Implementing In Module Five, you will submit the implementing section of your final project. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone Two Rubric. Final Submission: Public Relations Campaign In Module Seven, you will submit your final project. This will include your PowerPoint presentation, along with a Microsoft Word version of your evaluation. It should be a complete, polished artifact containing all of the critical elements of the final product. It should reflect the incorporation of feedback gained throughout the course. This submission will be graded with the Final Project Rubric. Final Project Rubric Guidelines for Submission: Your public relations campaign must be 18–22 slides in length and must be written in Associated Press style. The evaluation portion of your final project must be submitted as a 1- to 2-page Microsoft Word document. Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Research: Conflicts of Meets “Proficient” criteria, and Interest examples provided demonstrate a sophisticated awareness of the professional ethics code in public relations regarding conflicts of interest Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value Provides an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on conflicts of interest using examples from materials presented in the course Provides an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on conflicts of interest, but overview is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or does not use examples from materials presented in the course Does not provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on conflicts of interest 5.4 3 Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value Research: Competition Meets “Proficient” criteria, and examples provided demonstrate a sophisticated awareness of the professional ethics code in public relations regarding competition Provides an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on competition using examples from materials presented in the course Provides an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on competition, but overview is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or does not use examples from materials presented in the course Does not provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on competition 5.3 Research: Accurate and Truthful Information Meets “Proficient” criteria, and examples provided demonstrate a sophisticated awareness of the professional ethics code in public relations regarding the protection and advancement of accurate and truthful information Provides an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides the protection and advancement of accurate and truthful information, using examples from the materials presented in the course Provides an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides the protection and advancement of accurate and truthful information, but overview is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or does not use examples from materials presented in the course Does not provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides the protection and advancement of accurate and truthful information 5.3 Research: Best Practices Meets “Proficient” criteria, and examples provided demonstrate a sophisticated awareness of the best practices for creating and delivering presentations in public relations Provides an overview of the best practices for creating and delivering presentations in public relations, using examples from materials presented in the course Provides an overview of the best practices for creating and delivering presentations in public relations, but overview is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or does not use examples from the materials presented in the course Does not provide an overview of the best practices for creating and delivering presentations in public relations 8 Planning: Presentation Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response clearly and precisely demonstrates consistency in presenting information Creates a presentation that is logical, uses the notes section, and is tailored to a specific audience Creates a presentation flow of Does not create a presentation information is provides some that provides relevant detail, but the flow of information information is cursory or illogical 8 Planning: Research on Meets “Proficient” criteria, and Ethics and Best response demonstrates keen Practices insight into how previous research on ethics and best practices are applied Explains how presentations incorporate previous research on ethics and best practices Explains how presentations incorporate previous research on ethics and best practices, but explanation is cursory or contains inaccuracies 8 4 Does not explain how presentations will incorporate previous research on ethics and best practices Critical Elements Planning: Audience Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value Meets “Proficient” criteria, and Presentation is developed for response demonstrates a keen the audience being presented to and sophisticated awareness of the needs of the audience being presented to Presentation is somewhat developed for the audience being presented to, but information is cursory or is inappropriate for the audience Does not target the presentation to the audience 8 Implementing: History of Public Relations Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response demonstrates keen insight into the critical milestones in public relations and how they relate to the growth and history of the field Provides a brief overview of the history of public relations, including critical milestones and the growth of the field Provides an overview of the Does not provide an overview of history of public relations as the history of public relations as presented in the course, but presented in the course overview is cursory, not brief, or does not include the critical milestones and growth of the field 4 Implementing: Modern Public Relations Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response demonstrates keen insight into the idea of modern public relations Explains the idea of modern public relations, supporting with evidence from the course or prior research Explains the idea of modern Does not explain the idea of public relations, but explanation modern public relations is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or is not supported with evidence from the course or prior research 4 Implementing: Practice Today Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response makes cogent connections regarding the relationship between the past history of public relations and the modern practice of public relations Explains how the history of the field has influenced the perception of the practice of public relations today, supporting connections with evidence from the course or prior research Explains how the history of the field has influenced the perception of the practice of public relations today. but explanation is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or is not supported with evidence from the course or prior research Does not explain how the history of the field has influenced the perception of the practice of public relations today 4 Implementing: Approach Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response demonstrates a sophisticated awareness of the professional approaches to addressing issues of ethics used in the field of public relations Determines a professional approach that could be used in addressing ethical issues regarding public relations with evidence from prior research and planning Determines a professional approach that could be used in addressing ethical issues regarding public relations, but determination is cursory, contains inaccuracies, or is not supported with evidence from prior research and planning Does not determine a professional approach that could be used in addressing ethical issues regarding public relations 12 5 Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value Implementing: Best Practices and AP Writing Style Meets “Proficient” criteria, and presentation and accompanying speaker notes demonstrate a sophisticated awareness of when and how to use best practices and AP style in public relations projects Utilizes appropriate best practices and AP style throughout the presentation and accompanying speaker notes Utilizes best practices and AP style throughout the presentation and accompanying speaker notes, but utilization contains inaccuracies or is not appropriate Does not utilize best practices and AP style throughout the presentation and accompanying speaker notes 12 Explains potential ways that any Does not explain potential ways errors or issues in the that any errors or issues in the presentation could be presentation could be improved improved but does not justify response, or explanation is cursory or illogical 4 Evaluation: Improved Meets “Proficient” criteria, and makes a cogent defense of potential improvements Explains potential ways that any errors or issues in the presentation could be improved and justifies response Evaluation: Four-Step Public Relations Process Explains how the completed presentation benefited from the four-step public relations process Explains how the completed presentation benefited from the four-step public relations process, but explanation is cursory or illogical Does not explain how the completed presentation benefited from the four-step public relations process 4 Explains how the four-step public relations process could be used to plan for personal, professional, or academic experiences in the future, and supports with examples Explains how the four-step public relations process could be used to plan for personal, professional, or academic experiences in the future, but explanation is cursory or illogical Does not explain how the fourstep public relations process could be used to plan for personal, professional, or academic experiences in the future 4 Submission has no major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization Submission has major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that negatively impact readability and articulation of main ideas Submission has critical errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that prevent understanding of ideas 4 Meets “Proficient” criteria, and response makes cogent connections regarding the benefits of the individual steps of the four-step process and the process as a whole Evaluation: Personal, Meets “Proficient” criteria and Professional, or provides cogent examples Academic Experiences regarding the personal, professional, or academic applications of the four-step public relations process Articulation of Response Submission is free of errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, and organization and is presented in a professional and easy-to-read format Total 6 100% Evolution in Retail The Birth of Public Relations • Edward Bernays used “mass psychology” concept to sell cigarettes and soaps in 1915 , he also hosted ”over acts” to which he referred them to subconscious feelings. • A tobacco company called lucky strike then hired him in 1928 to assist with the ideology of women smoking in public, which helped expand their market. • In the 1940’s President Franklin D. Roosevelt created a group that he called ”top men” to begin propaganda campaigns, which is essentially now modern PR. Emails, PCs, and Smartphones • Prior to all the advanced technologies, we had the invention of a fax machine. This was created in the 1980’s and was considered ”today’s fastest-growing area of office automation and business communication”. • 1991 was the birth of the world wide web, shortly after came Microsoft Hotmail that birthed emails. PR practitioners could send and receive information within seconds. • This began the era of instant communication Rise of Social Media and 24Hour News Channels • PR practitioners used to wait 24 hours to receive their news. In the 90s, the 24-hour news channels had made their way. By 2010, it was hard for PR professionals to keep up and therapists began treating them for FOMO (fear of missing out) syndrome. • 1997 was the year the first social media site was founded, Sixdegrees.com. However, it was in the year 2000s that we saw traction in the social media world. • 2005 Facebook was created. • 2007 the hashtag was created. This changed the twitter phenomena and has impacted our PR industry tremendously. This gave everyone the opportunity to bring awareness to almost anything. • 2010 Instagram was born. • 2011 the disappearing act by Snapchat. • 2016 the social media fake new crisis began • 2016 TikTok was created , but growth was seen later in 2017-2020 PR in the Retail World • In the early 1900s, if consumers needed goods they had to shop at local markets. • By the mid 1900’s we started seeing advertisements and propaganda in press releases to persuade your thought process about certain topics and merchandise. (cigarettes in slide 2) • The late 1900s and early 2000s is where we see the most growth and evolution in PR. The start of our new world in technologies, constant news, TV/ Radio commercials, and the internet. • Now, in 2020, anyone can sell, promote, and purchase anything with the touch of their finger-tips on multiple free platforms. Purchase answer to see full attachment Explanation & Answer: 18 Slides Tags: policy public relations Evolution in Retail User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool’s honor code & terms of service.

MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it’s a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

BASIC IN-TEXT CITATION RULES

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS: AUTHOR-PAGE STYLE

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR PRINT SOURCES WITH KNOWN AUTHOR

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3).

Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.