Instructions
Create a complete annotated bibliography for 5 academic scholarly sources (including your source from Week 3). Include the following:

Introduction and thesis for your paper (to the best extent as you know it at this time)
Publication details
Annotation (a detailed reading of the source)

The annotation section should include the following:

Summarize key points and identify key terms (using quotation marks, and citing a page in parentheses).
Describe the controversies or “problems” raised by the articles.
State whether you agree or disagree and give reasons.
Locate one or two quotations to be used in the final research project.
Evaluate the ways in which this article is important and has helped you focus your understanding.
Running head: SLAVERY AND ITS EFFECTS
Slavery And Its Effects To Society
Donna Fagarang
Chamberlain University
Principles of Ethics
Professor Geth Allison
1
SLAVERY AND ITS EFFECTS
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Introduction
The proposal topic I selected aims at evaluating the “history of slavery and its effects on
contemporary society.” The historical account of slavery provided sufficient insights into
appreciating the dimension taken by the world to achieve human freedom. As such, although
slavery was technically abolished centuries ago, its impacts continues to affects the
contemporary society both positively and negatively. It is critical to denote that slavery is a
sensitive topic in society today. Its effects range from positive to negative during its inceptions
until it was abolished. However, its impacts continue to be felt even today, even though its
physical aspects do not exist.
Slavery alludes to “a social phenomenon that consists of the acquisition of the right of
property over other people” (Heuman, & Burnard, 2010). Notably, the impacts of the issue are
prevalent and yield sophisticated results. The roots of slavery can be attributed to the agricultural
revolution as well as the Neolithic period. For Romans and Greeks, slavery was considered a
typical activity that the less fortunate were subjected to for survival. Upon the discovery of new
territories in Africa and the Americas, the need to increase the acquisition of raw materials for
the Europeans industries escalated, resulting in elevated slavery. The accounts of slavery in such
periods are contained in a myriad of resources such as books, Operas that are exhibited today in
theaters.
Fast forward to the historical account of slavery in the united states; historical records
indicate that it was abolished after the American civil war. In 1863, an amendment was included
in the constitution highlighting that the involuntary servitude and slavery were a crime that
attracted a punishment (Azmy, 2002). However, the inequality was still prevalent among those
SLAVERY AND ITS EFFECTS
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that were perceived as slaves. Jim Crow law yielded widespread poverty that still rooms to some
extent even today.
In contemporary society, slavery comes in many forms. In most cases, it yields
devastating effects that are detrimental to the global progress as a whole. Slavery can take forms
such as forced labor, forced sex, child labor, and common sense. Currently, it is clear that indeed
the slavery acts are inexistent in many countries. However, some areas still have slave markets
open. This issue prompted various leaders from various countries to sign a pact to exhibit their
commitment to alienating the issue of slavery once and for all.
Even though slavery was abolished centuries ago and is regarded as something of the
past, its effects continue are prevalent. One such effect that I will be investigating is the
underdeveloped regions caused by slavery. Undeveloped areas are concentrated in sub-Saharan
Africa. The underdevelopment can be attributed to the Europeans influence in the African
countries, especially since they were the colonizers of the continent. During the colonization
phase, the countries were prohibited from developing in terms of science and technology (Graff,
2011). This and many other facts can be attributed to the rationale behind while most African
countries are still underdeveloped.
Another impact under investigation is upon the abolishment of slavery, a myriad of
people were released for their owners, where they used to get life’s basics such as food, shelter,
and clothing. As such, those who were employed only managed low paying jobs that could not
help their overall progress as many such people resulted in acts of crimes for survival. In modern
days, a look at the issue, things are supposed to be better, which is not the case. This can be
attributed to the past being a burden for the current population due to the fact that finding a wellpaying job is futile (Graff, 2011). The emergence of economic crisis leads to loss of jobs that are
SLAVERY AND ITS EFFECTS
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hard to maintain with the majority settling for low paying jobs. Only a few people are able to
secure well-paying jobs, which can be likened to the slavery period, where the country was
divided into the haves and the haves not.
Another impact that I propose to investigate includes social inequality, which can also be
attributed to underdevelopment and discrimination. This issue is prevalent in modern society,
even though essential steps have been made to alleviate it. Notably, the acceptance of the
minorities seems a long way to go, a trait that can be attributed to the existing social and political
surroundings that derive its motivation from the past. Other negative impacts include threats of
deportation of the early immigrant, health care is treated as private finance rather than public
finance, and few high ranking personnel retaining power while rooting public resources at the
expense of the poor (Gaskin, Headen Jr, & White-Means, 2004).
Even though slavery only yields negative impacts, in the contemporary world, it
contributed positively towards multiculturalism. This alludes to the mixing of diverse cultures,
creating varied and distinct people that work together, originating from different backgrounds
creating a society where they can co-exist.
In conclusion, this proposal looks into the history of slavery briefly, not only in the
United States but also in other continents. It also pinpoints the impacts of the issue in
contemporary society, where it analyzes several effects. The underdeveloped regions have their
roots in the slavery period, while social inequality exhibited currently is equality a motivation
form the past. Notably, slavery impacted the present society with multiculturalism, where people
from different backgrounds mingled and combined various cultures.
SLAVERY AND ITS EFFECTS
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References
Azmy, B. (2002). Unshackling the Thirteenth Amendment: Modern slavery and a reconstructed
civil rights agenda. Fordham L. Rev., 71, 981.
Graff, G. (2011). The Name of the game is a shame: The effects of slavery and its aftermath—
the Journal of Psychohistory, 39(2), 133.
Gaskin, D. J., Headen Jr, A. E., & White-Means, S. I. (2004). Racial disparities in health and
wealth: The effects of slavery and past discrimination. The Review of Black Political
Economy, 32(3-4), 95-110.
Heuman, G., & Burnard, T. (Eds.). (2010). The Routledge History of Slavery. Routledge.